What characteristics define anaerobic exercise?

Anaerobic exercise is characterized primarily by high-intensity efforts that are performed over a short duration. During such activities, the body relies on stored carbohydrates (glycogen) for energy, as the intensity is too high for oxygen to be utilized effectively for ATP production. Activities such as sprinting, weightlifting, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exemplify anaerobic exercises where quick bursts of energy are necessary, and the body experiences an accumulation of lactic acid due to the lack of oxygen.

The correct answer highlights these key aspects of anaerobic exercise, focusing on the energy sources utilized and the intensity and duration of the activity. In contrast, other choices describe characteristics that align more closely with aerobic exercise or do not accurately capture the essence of anaerobic activities. For instance, the use of fat for energy and a focus on long duration applies more to aerobic exercises, while constant oxygen consumption is a hallmark of aerobic metabolism, not anaerobic.